CHANGE OF VOICE WITHOUT ‘BY’ IN PASSIVE VOICE

 

Sometimes at the time of changing Active voice into passive voice, subject does not follow ‘by’, rather any of ‘at’, ‘in’, ‘with’, ‘to’… is used.

1.  Affirmative:

a.  Active voice     :  I know her.

     Passive voice   :  She is known to me.

b.  Active voice     :  Your behaviour has surprised me.

     Passive voice   :  I have been surprised at your behaviour.

2.  Negative:

a.  Active voice     :  His progress has not satisfied me.

     Passive voice   :  I have not been satisfied with his progress.

b.  Active voice     :  This jug does not contain hot milk.

     Passive voice   :  Hot milk is not contained in this jug.

3.  Interrogative:

a.  Active voice     :  Can you please everyone?

     Passive voice   :  Can everyone be pleased with you?

b.  Active voice     :  What does this box contain?

     Passive voice   :  What is contained in this box?

 

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CHANGE OF VOICE IN CASE OF DOUBLE OBJECTS

 

Sentences having double objects: a direct and another indirect. At the time of changing active voice into passive voice, the sentence may begin either of two. If beginning is made with second object in passive voice, first object follows ‘to’ and is placed after verb. If beginning is made with first object in passive voice, second object is placed after verb.

1.  Affirmative:

a.  Active voice     :  I presented her a wrist watch.

     Passive voice   :  A wrist watch was presented to her by me.

     Or                   :  She was presented a wrist watch by me.

b.  Active voice     :  Mohan lent me this bicycle.

     Passive voice   :  This bicycle was lent to me by Mohan

     Or                   :  I was lent this bicycle by Mohan.

2.  Negative:

a.  Active voice     :  He did not give me a book.

     Passive voice   :  A book was not given to me by him.

     Or                   :  I was not given a book by him.

b.  Active voice     :  She does not teach us English.

     Passive voice   :  English is not taught to us by her.

     Or                   :  We are not taught English by her.

3.  Interrogative:

a.  Active voice     :  Did he offer you tea?

     Passive voice   :  Was tea offered to you by him?

     Or                   :  Were you offered tea by him?

b.  Active voice     :  Who gave you help?

     Passive voice   :  By whom was help given to you?

     Or                   :  By whom were you given help?

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CHANGE OF VOICE IN CASE OF SENETENES WITH MISSING SUBJECT IN PASSIVE VOICE

 

Sometimes no subject is given in passive voice, while it is assumed in active voice.

1.  Affirmative:

a.  Passive voice   :  They have been scolded.

     Active voice     :  The teacher has scolded them.

b.  Passive voice   :  She was being beaten.

     Active voice     :  Her mother was beating her.

2.  Negative:

a.  Passive voice   :  You may not be praised.

     Active voice     :  They may not praise you.

b.  Passive voice   :  The bell was not rung.

     Active voice     :  The peon did not ring the bell.

3.  Interrogative:

a.  Passive voice   :  Were you not taught?

     Active voice     :  Did the teacher not teach you?

b.  Passive voice   :  Has he been misunderstood?

     Active voice     :  Have you misunderstood him?

 

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CHANGE OF VOICE IN CASE OF PREPOSITIONAL VERBS

 

     If a preposition follows verb in active voice, the same preposition follows 3^rd form of verb in passive voice.

1.  Affirmative:

a.  Active voice     :  We must speak to him.

     Passive voice   :  He must be spoken to by us.

b.  Active voice     :  The hunter aimed at the bird.

     Passive voice   :  The bird was aimed at by the hunter.

2.  Negative:

a.  Active voice     :  You cannot play with fire.

     Passive voice   :  Fire cannot be played with by you.

b.  Active voice     :  He is not looking for a job.

     Passive voice   :  A job is not being looked for by him.

3.  Interrogative:

a.  Active voice     :  Did the people listen to the leader?

     Passive voice   :  Was the leader listened to by the people?

b.  Active voice     :  Who is looking into this case?

Passive voice   :  By whom is this case being looked into?

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CHANGE OF VOICE IN CASE OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (Let...)

 

If Active voice begins with ‘Let’, rule of change into passive voice is as follows:

1.  Affirmative:

Active voice  : Let + subject + 1st form of Verb + object. Passive voice: Let + object + be + 3rd form of Verb + by + subject.

a.  Active voice     :  Let me keep it a secret.

     Passive voice   :  Let it be kept a secret by me.

b.  Active voice     :  Let him play the cards.

     Passive voice   :  Let the cards be played by him.

2.  Negative:

Active voice  : Let + subject + not/never + 1st form of Verb + object. Passive voice: Let + object + not/never + be + 3rd form of Verb + by + subject.

a.  Active voice     :  Let him not disturb your brother.

    Passive voice   :  Let your brother not be disturbed by him.

b.  Active voice     :  Let him never waste your money.

    Passive voice   :  Let your money never be wasted by him.

 

CHANGE OF VOICE IN CASE OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (third method)

 

At the time of changing active voice into passive voice according to third method, ‘should’ is used:

1.  Affirmative:

Active voice  : 1st form of Verb + object. Passive voice: Object + should + be + 3rd form of Verb.

a.  Active voice     :  Nurse the sick.

     Passive voice   :  The sick should be nursed.

b.  Active voice     :  Always keep your words.

     Passive voice   :  Your words should always be kept.

2.  Negative:

Active voice  : Do not/Never + 1st form of Verb + object. Passive voice: Object + should + not/never + be + 3rd form of Verb.

a.  Active voice     :  Do not pluck flowers.

    Passive voice   :  Flowers should not be plucked.

b.  Active voice     :  Never tell a lie.

     Passive voice   :  A lie should never be told.

CHANGE OF VOICE IN CASE OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (second method)

 

At the time of changing active voice into passive voice according to second method, using ‘Let’, 3^rd form of verb follows ‘be’.

1.  Affirmative:

Active voice  : 1st form of Verb + object. Passive voice: Let+ object + be + 3rd form of Verb.

a.  Active voice     :  Teach him a lesson.

     Passive voice   :  Let him be taught a lesson.

b.  Active voice     :  Obey your elders.

     Passive voice   :  Let your elders be obeyed.

2.  Negative:

Active voice  : Do not/Never + 1st form of Verb + object. Passive voice: Let+ object + not/never + be + 3rd form of Verb.

a.  Active voice     :  Do not disturb me.

     Passive voice   :  Let me not be disturbed.

b.  Active voice     :  Never waste your time.

     Passive voice   :  Let your time never be wasted.

 

CHANGE OF VOICE IN CASE OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (first method)

 

At the time of changing active voice into passive voice according to first method, ‘you’ is assumed subject in imperative sentences, but it is never used in active voice and it should be used in passive voice. According to sense, an imperative verb i.e. advise, request, order, urge, forbid, prevent, command or pray follows ‘You are’.

1.  Affirmative:

Active voice  : 1st form of Verb + object. Passive voice: You are + Imperative verb + to + 1st form of Verb + object.

a.  Active voice     :  Please post this letter.

     Passive voice   :  You are requested to post this letter.

b.  Active voice     :  Get out of the room.

     Passive voice   :  You are ordered to get out of the room.

2.  Negative:

Active voice  : Do not/Never + 1st form of Verb + object. Passive voice: You are + Imperative verb + not/never + to + 1st form of Verb + object.

a.  Active voice     :  Do not play cards.

     Passive voice   :  You are advised not to play cards.

b.  Active voice     :  Never deceive a friend.

     Passive voice   :  You are advised never to deceive a friend.

 

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CHANGE OF VOICE IN CASE OF AUXILIARY VERBS/MODAL VERBS (PAST TENSE)

 

 AUXILIARY VERBS IN PAST TENSE

At the time of changing active voice into passive voice, subject and object are interchanged.  Auxiliary verbs ‘might have’, ‘could have’, ‘should have’, ‘would have’, ‘must have’ are respectively replaced with ‘might have been’, ‘could have been’, ‘should have been’, ‘would have been’, ‘must have been’. Using 3^rd form of verb, subject follows ‘by’.

1.  Affirmative:

Active voice  : Subject + Auxiliary verbs + have + 3rd form of Verb + object. Passive voice: Object + Auxiliary verbs+ have+been +3rd form of verb +by + Subject.

a.  Active voice     :  They might have done it.

Passive voice   :  It might have been done by them.

b.  Active voice     :  She should have taken a rich diet.

Passive voice   :  A rich diet should have been taken by her.

2.  Negative:

Active voice  : Subject + Auxiliary verbs + not + have + 3rd form of Verb + object. Passive voice: Object+Auxiliary verbs+not+have+been+3rd form of verb+by+Subject.

a.  Active voice     :  You would not have lost anything.

    Passive voice   :  Anything would not have been lost by you.

b.  Active voice     :  She could not have saved me from loss.

    Passive voice   :  I could not have been saved by her from loss.

3.  Interrogative:

Active voice  : Auxiliary verbs + subject + have + 3rd form of Verb + object? Passive voice: Auxiliary verbs+object +have+been+3rd form of verb+by+Subject?

a.  Active voice     :  Must people have killed the mad dog?

    Passive voice   :  Must the mad dog have been killed by people?

b.  Active voice     :  Could our team have won the match?

    Passive voice   :  Could the match have been won by our team?