Sentence is a meaningful
group of words. The group of words which makes a sense but is not completely
meaningful is called a phrase. Each sentence begins with a capital letter; as:-
1._ You must
work hard in order to get
through.
The entire line is known as
sentence but ‘in order to’ is a phrase.
PARTS
OF A SENTENCE
A sentence has two parts:
Subject and Predicate.
Subject:- It is the name of a
person or a thing in question.
Predicate:- The part of the
sentence which explains the subject is called a predicate.
Example:-
_ Great men
do not hate the sinners.
(Subject) (Predicate)
FORMS OF SENTENCES
There are three types of
the sentences: Simple sentences, Compound sentences and Complex sentences.
Simple Sentence:- There is a
subject and a predicate in a simple sentence. The simple sentence has only one
finite verb; as:-
1._ She does not like cold weather.
2._ He bought a ring.
PATTERNS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
Subject
+ Intransitive verb; e.g.
1._ The little children were frightened of the mad dog.
2._ The sun has already set.
Subject
+ verb + Direct Object; e.g.
1._ The Eskimos make houses of ice.
2._ She can drive a car.
Subject
+ verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object; e.g.
1._ Her mother told her a story.
2._ She asked me several questions.
Subject
+ verb + Direct Object + Preposition + Prepositional Object; e.g.
1._ I gave the money to my friend.
2._ He bought a new suit for himself.
Subject
+ verb + Adverb Adjunct; e.g.
1._ The rain fell the whole night.
2._ The book costs ten dollars.
Subject
+ verb + Predicative Adjunct; e.g.
1._ Venus is a planet.
2._ The sky grew dark.
Subject
+ verb + Noun or Pronoun + to be + Predicative Adjunct; e.g.
1._ Do you consider him to be innocent?
2._ They believed her to be honest.
Subject
+ verb + Object + Adverb Adjunct to Object; e.g.
1._ We found the box empty.
2._ We painted the doors green.
Subject
+ verb + Object + Predicative Adjunct to Object; e.g.
1._ They called him coward.
2._ We called the dog ‘Brownie’.
There
+ verb + Subject, etc. e.g.
1._ There is a lot of water in the well.
2._ There came a knock at the door.
TYPES
OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
There are four types of
Simple sentences:-
A. Assertive
Sentence:- A sentence that states or
declares something is called an assertive sentence (declarative sentence). It
is a statement of facts. It may be affirmative or negative. A full stop (.) is put
at the end of every assertive sentence; as:-
1._ The sun rises in the east.
2._ I do not miss the class.
B. Interrogative Sentence:- A sentence that asks a question is called an
interrogative sentence. A question mark (?) is put at the end of every interrogative
sentence. It has three kinds:-
i. _Verbal
Questions:- They have a rising intonation. These questions may be answered with
‘Yes’ or ‘No’; as:-
1._ Is your father a Doctor?
2._ Have you a car?
ii. Pronominal
Questions:- They have a falling intonation. These questions cannot be answered
with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; as:-
1._ Who has done this?
2._ When were you born?
iii. Question-Tag:- It is a phrase in which a question is asked
connected with an assertive sentence; as:-
1._ They did not help you, did they?
2._ He went away early, didn’t he?
Generally, question-tags requiring
information have rising intonation. But if they require approval, they have
falling intonation; as:-
1._ She is very beautiful, isn’t she?
2._ It is a fine morning, isn’t it?
C. Imperative
Sentences:- They denote request, advice, order or prohibition etc. A full stop
(.) is put at the end of every imperative sentence; as:-
1._ Speak the truth.
2._ Let her come in.
D. Exclamatory Sentences:- These
sentences express some strong or sudden feeling. A note of exclamation (!) is put
at the end of every exclamatory sentence; as:-
1._ How hot it is!
2._ What a noise you make!
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