COMPOUND SENTENCES

 

There are two or more independent sentences or co-ordinate clauses in a compound sentence, which are connected with a coordinating conjunction; as:-

1. The moon rose and everything looked bright.

2. I got the book from the library and read it and enjoyed it.

The first compound sentence has two co-ordinate clauses and it is called a double sentence, while the second compound sentence has more than two co-ordinate clauses and it is called a multiple sentence.

There may be four types of relations among two or more co-ordinate clauses of a compound sentence:-

i.  Copulative Co-ordination              

ii. Disjunctive Co-ordination              

iii. Adversative Co-ordination             

iv. Illative Co-ordination                     

A. Copulative Co-ordination:- In this case, a clause is simply related to another. Copulative co-ordination always means super addition of another proposition with the first. Co-ordinate clauses are collectively related with conjunctions like and, moreover, furthermore, both…and, as well as, likewise, also, not only…but also; as:-

1. He is not only honest but is sincere also.

2. He as well as members of his family went there.

Sometimes conjunctions are given up, and co-ordinate clauses are separated with comma (,) or semi-colon(;); as:-

1. I came, I saw, I conquered.

2. Reading maketh a full man, writing an exact man, speaking a ready man.

B. Disjunctive Co-ordination:- In this case, two co-ordinate clauses are put together; they are not associated in sense. These kinds of clauses are related with each-other with either…or, neither…nor, or, else, otherwise; as:-

1. Work hard otherwise you will not pass.

2. Either this man is mad or he makes a fool of us.

C. Adversative Co-ordination:- In it, adversative relation keeps co-ordinate clauses opposite to each-other. Such clauses are related with but, still, yet, nevertheless, however, while; as:-

1. The virtuous man dies but virtue is eternal.

2. You are very rich still you are not contented.

D. Illative Co-ordination:- In this case, a clause expresses cause, and another effect. Such clauses are related with each-other with therefore, wherefore, consequently, hence, accordingly, for, since, in as much as; as:-

1. It rained heavily therefore the streets were flooded.

2. He was a reliable man consequently all trusted him.

Co-ordinate clauses may also be connected with relative pronouns or adverb provided that it is done in a continuation sense and not in a restrictive sense; as:-

1. He went to Delhi where he saw the All India Agricultural Exhibition.

2. I went to see my friend who recognized me at once.

Sometimes compound sentences are contracted. These are known as contracted sentence; as:-

i.  When only one Subject has two Predicates:

1. He chid their wandering but relieved their pain.

ii.  When only one Predicate has two Subjects:

1. He as well as his friend is in the wrong.